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[AipuWaton] Ukuqonda Izintambo Eziyisishiyagalombili Kuzintambo Ze-Ethernet: Imisebenzi Nemikhuba Emihle

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Ukuxhuma izintambo zenethiwekhi ngokuvamile kungase kudide, ikakhulukazi uma uzama ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izintambo eziyisishiyagalombili zethusi ezingaphakathi kwekhebula ye-Ethernet ezibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwenethiwekhi okuvamile. Ukucacisa lokhu, kubalulekile ukuqonda wonke umsebenzi walezi zintambo: zenzelwe ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic interference (EMI) ngokusonta amapheya ezintambo ndawonye ekuminyaneni okuthile. Lokhu kusonteka kuvumela amagagasi kagesi akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokudlulisa amasignali kagesi ukuthi akhansele ngaphandle, aqede ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka okungenzeka. Igama elithi "ipheya elisontekile" likuchaza kahle lokhu kwakhiwa.

Ukuvela Kwezibili Ezisontekile

Amapheya asontekile ekuqaleni ayesetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amasignali ocingo, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo kwaholela ekwamukelweni kwawo kancane kancane ekudluliseleni isignali yedijithali. Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yiSigaba 5e (Cat 5e) kanye nesigaba sesi-6 (Ikati 6) amapheya asontekile, zombili ezikwazi ukuzuza umkhawulokudonsa ongafika ku-1000 Mbps. Kodwa-ke, umkhawulo obalulekile wamakhebuli amabili asontekile yibanga lawo eliphakeme kakhulu lokudlulisela, ngokuvamile elingeqi amamitha ayi-100.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukubamba ngekhanda i-oda le-T568A akudingekile uma kubhekwa ukwehla kokuvama kwalo. Uma kudingeka, ungakwazi ukufeza leli zinga ngokushintsha izintambo 1 no-3 no-2 ngezingu-6 ngokusekelwe ekucushweni kwe-T568B.

Ukucushwa Kwezintambo Kwezinhlelo Zokusebenza Ezihlukene

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile ezisebenzisa amapheya asontekile eSigaba 5 kanye Nesigaba 5e, amapheya amane ezintambo—ngaleyo ndlela, ingqikithi yezintambo eziyisishiyagalombili eziphelele—ngokujwayelekile zisetshenziswa. Kumanethiwekhi asebenza ngaphansi kuka-100 Mbps, ukumisa okuvamile kuhilela ukusebenzisa izintambo 1, 2, 3, kanye no-6. Izinga elivamile lezintambo, elaziwa ngokuthi i-T568B, lihlela lezi zintambo kuzo zombili iziphetho ngendlela elandelayo:

1A
2B

I-oda le-T568B Wiring:

  • Iphinikhodi 1: okuwolintshi-okumhlophe
  • Iphinikhodi 2: owolintshi
  • Iphinikhodi 3: oluhlaza-omhlophe
  • Iphinikhodi 4: blue
  • Iphinikhodi 5: blue-white
  • Iphinikhodi 6: eluhlaza
  • Iphinikhodi 7: brown-white
  • Iphini 8: nsundu

 

I-oda le-T568A Wiring:

Iphinikhodi 1: eluhlaza-mhlophe
Iphinikhodi 2: eluhlaza
Iphinikhodi 3: okuwolintshi-okumhlophe
Iphinikhodi 4: blue
Iphinikhodi 5: blue-white
Iphinikhodi 6: i-orange
Iphinikhodi 7: brown-white

Iphini 8: nsundu

Kumanethiwekhi amaningi e-Fast Ethernet, amane kuphela kwama-cores ayisishiyagalombili (1, 2, 3, kanye no-6) afeza izindima ekudluliseni nasekutholeni idatha. Izintambo ezisele (4, 5, 7, kanye no-8) ziqondiswa kabili futhi ngokuvamile zigcinelwe ukusetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo. Nokho, kumanethiwekhi angaphezu kuka-100 Mbps, kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ukusebenzisa zonke izintambo eziyisishiyagalombili. Kulokhu, njengakwiSigaba 6 noma izintambo ezingaphezulu, ukusebenzisa isethi encane yama-cores kungaholela ekuzinzeni kwenethiwekhi okubi.

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Idatha yokuphumayo (+)
Idatha yokuphumayo (-)
Idatha Yokufaka (+)
Igcinelwe ukusetshenziswa ngocingo
Igcinelwe ukusetshenziswa ngocingo
Idatha yokokufaka (-)
Igcinelwe ukusetshenziswa ngocingo
Igcinelwe ukusetshenziswa ngocingo

Inhloso Yocingo Ngalunye

Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi kungani izintambo 1, 2, 3, no-6 zisetshenziswa, ake sibheke izinjongo ezithile zomongo ngamunye:

Ukubaluleka Kokuminyana Okubili Okusontekile kanye Nokuvikela

Lapho ukhumula ikhebula le-Ethernet, uzobona ukuminyana kokusonta kwamapheya ezintambo kuyahluka kakhulu. Amapheya anesibopho sokudluliswa kwedatha—imvamisa amapheya awolintshi nokuluhlaza—asontekile aqine kakhulu kunalawo abelwe ukwenza phansi kanye neminye imisebenzi evamile, njengamapheya ansundu nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngakho-ke, ukunamathela kuzinga lezintambo le-T568B lapho kwenziwa izintambo zokuchibiyela kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle.

Imibono Eyiphutha Evamile

Akuvamile ukuzwa abantu bethi, "Ngincamela ukusebenzisa ilungiselelo lami lapho ngenza izintambo; ingabe kuyamukeleka lokho?" Nakuba kungase kube nokuguquguquka okuthile kokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu ekhaya, kuhle kakhulu ukuba ulandele ama-oda okufaka izintambo amisiwe ezimeni zobungcweti noma ezibucayi. Ukuchezuka kulawa mazinga kungase kubukela phansi ukusebenza kahle kwamakhebula amabili asontekile, okuholela ekulahlekeni okukhulu kokudluliswa kwedatha kanye nebanga lokudlulisela elincishisiwe.

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Isiphetho

Kafushane, uma unquma ukuhlela izintambo ngokusekelwe kokuthandwa nguwe, qiniseka ukuthi ubeka izintambo 1 no-3 ndawonye kupheya eyodwa esontiwe, kanye nezintambo 2 no-6 ndawonye kwelinye elisontekile. Ukulandela le mihlahlandlela kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi inethiwekhi yakho isebenza kahle nangokwethembeka.

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