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[Aipuwaton] Ukuqonda isidingo samaVlans

Yini izintambo eziyi-8 kukhebula le-Ethernet

I-VLAN (I-Virtual Local Area Network) ubuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana obuhlukanisa kahle i-LAN ngokomzimba kwizizinda eziningi zokusakaza. I-Vlan ngayinye yisizinda esisakazwayo lapho ama-hosters angaxhumana khona ngqo, ngenkathi ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-Vlans ahlukene kukhawulelwe. Ngenxa yalokho, imilayezo yokusakaza ikhawulelwe ku-vlan eyodwa.

-Delile

· Kungani amaVlan ayadingeka
·Vlan vs vs. subnet
·I-VLAN Tag ne-VLAN ID
·Izinhlobo zezindawo ze-VLAN kanye nezindlela zokuphatha i-VLAN Tag
·Izimo zokusetshenziswa zeVlans
·Izinkinga ezinama-Vlans ezindaweni zamafu

Kungani kudingeka ama-Vlala

Amanethiwekhi okuqala we-Ethernet ubuchwepheshe bezinkundla zedatha asuselwa ku-CSMA / CD (Carrier Cource Sense Multiple Access / Ukutholwa kokutholwa) ebesebenzisa ama-Medical Medicals abelwe. Lapho inani lamabutho likhuphuka, kwaholela ekushayweni okukhulu, ukusakaza izivunguvungu, ukonakaliswa okubalulekile kokusebenza, kanye nokuphuma kwenethiwekhi. Yize ukuhlangana nokuxhumeka kusetshenziswa amadivaysi angu-wayer 2 amadivaysi angaxazulula izingqinamba zokushayisana, namanje kwahluleka ukuhlukanisa imiyalezo yokusakaza nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yenethiwekhi. Lokhu kuholele ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe beVlan, okuhlukanisa i-lan yaba amaVlans amaningana anengqondo; I-Vlan ngayinye imele isizinda sokusakaza, inika amandla ukuxhumana ngaphakathi kwe-vlan kungathi i-LAN ngenkathi ivimbela ukuxhumana kwe-inter-vlan kanye nokuvunyelwa imiyalezo yokusakaza ngaphakathi kwe-vlan.

配图 1 (为什么需要 Vlan) -1

Umzekeliso 1: Indima yamaVlans

Ngakho-ke, amaVlan anezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

Izizinda zokusakaza ezisakazwayo: Izizinda zokusakaza zivalelwe ngaphakathi kwe-vlan, ukulondolozwa kwe-bandwidth kanye nokuthuthukisa amandla okucubungula kwenethiwekhi.
· Ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwe-LAN: Imilayezo evela ku-VLANS ehlukene ihlukaniswe ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa, okusho ukuthi abasebenzisi ngaphakathi kwe-vlan eyodwa abakwazi ukuxhumana ngqo nabasebenzisi kwenye i-VLAN.
Ukuqina kwenethiwekhi okwenyukayo
Ukwakhiwa kwe-Workgroup Virtual Efvernct: Ama-VLANS angahlukanisa abasebenzisi ngamaqembu ahlukene wokusebenza, avumele amalungu eqembu elifanayo lokusebenzela ukuba asebenze ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa endaweni ethile yomzimba, okwenza ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi kanye nokunakekelwa okulula.

Vlan vs vs. subnet

Ngokufaka ezinye ingxenye yenethiwekhi yamakheli e-IP ngama-subnets ambalwa, izinga eliphansi lokusebenzisa isikhala sekheli le-IP kanye nokuqina kwamakheli we-IP afinyelela ezingeni ezimbili kungabhekiswa. Ifana nama-VLANS, ama-subnets nawo angahlukanisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaHhombisa. Ama-hosts akwama-Vlala ahlukene angeke akwazi ukuxhumana ngqo, njengoba nje ama-hosters kuma-subnets ahlukene awakwazi. Kodwa-ke, ayikho izincwadi eziqondile phakathi kwalezi ezimbili.

Umuduni Indishi
Umahluko Kusetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa amanethiwekhi we-Laser 2.
  Ngemuva kokumisa izikhala ze-VLAN, abasebenzisi kumaVlan ahlukene bangaxhumana kuphela uma kusungulwa umzila.
  Kuze kufike ku-4094 Vlans kungachazwa; Inani lamadivayisi ngaphakathi kwe-vlan alilinganiselwe.
Ubuhlobo Ngaphakathi kwe-vlan efanayo, okufakiwe okukodwa noma okuningi kungachazwa.

I-VLAN Tag ne-VLAN ID

Ukunika amandla ukushintshwa ukuhlukanisa imiyalezo evela kuma-Vlans ahlukene, imininingwane ye-VLAN ekhomba insimu kumele ingezwe kwimiyalezo. Iphrothokholi ye-IEEE yeeee 802.10 icacisa ukuthi i-4-Byte Vlan Tag (eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-VLAN Tag) ingezwe amafreyimu wedatha ye-Ethernet ukukhomba imininingwane ye-VLAN.

配图 2 (I-VLAN Tag 和 Vlan ID) -2

Inkambu ye-Vid ofreyimu yedatha ikhomba i-vlan lapho uhlaka lwedatha lungokwalo; Uhlaka lwedatha lungadluliselwa kuphela ngaphakathi kwe-vlan ekhethiwe. Inkambu ye-Vid imele i-ID ye-VLAN, engasukela ku-0 kuye ku-4095. Kusukela ngo-0 no-4095 kugcinwe nge-protocol, wonke ama-protam ahlanganiswe ngo-1 kuye ku-4094) axhumeke ku-switch athumela kuphela futhi athole ama-ethernet ozimele wendabuko ngaphandle kwamathegi we-vlan.

配图 3 (VLAN 间用户的二层隔离) -3

Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisana nalawa madivayisi, ama-interface ashintshile kufanele aqaphele ozimele bendabuko we-Ethernet futhi angeze noma amathegi we-strip Vlan ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa. I-VLAN tag ingezwe ihambelana ne-VLAN ebonakalayo ebonakalayo (I-Port Defan Vlan ID, PVID).

4-4
配图 5 通过 Vlanif 实现 Vlan 间用户的三层互访 -5
微信图片 _20240614024031.jpg1

Izinhlobo zezindawo ze-VLAN kanye nezindlela zokuphatha i-VLAN Tag

Kumanethiwekhi wamanje, abasebenzisi be-Vlan efanayo bangaxhunyaniswa ekushintsheni okuhlukile, futhi kungaba nama-Vlala amaningi aqala ukushintshwa. Uma i-intercommunication yomsebenzisi iyadingeka, izikhala eziphakathi kokushintshana kumele zikwazi ukubona nokuthumela amafreyimu wedatha avela kuma-Vlan amaningi ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokuya ngezinto ezixhunyiwe nokuthi amafreyimu acutshungulwa kanjani, kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezindawo ze-VLAN zokuhlalisa ukuxhumeka kanye nokuxhumana okuhlukile.

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